By Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS)

On the 26th January 2021, the Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, had successfully organised the 2nd WESTPAC Workshop on upwelling and its dynamics in the South China Sea and adjacent areas. This fully virtual workshop was officiated by the Representative from the Ministry of Environment and Water, Mr. Jamalulail bin Abu Bakar.

The workshop attracted over a hundred marine researchers and resource managers from the Western Pacific region, who had not only the opportunity to listen to presentations on the latest research on upwelling but also exchange ideas regarding upwelling studies and how it can contribute to the sustainable development of marine and coastal resources in the region.

Given the limited scientific knowledge on upwelling systems in the region and their importance to ocean productivity, in 2015, the IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) established a regional project, entitled “Upwelling Studies through Ocean Data Integration towards Sustaining Ocean Health and Productivity,” aiming to explore new upwelling sites and increase the understanding on upwelling dynamics in the South China Sea (SCS) and adjacent seas, through comparative studies and data integration.

The group now consist of members from more than 10 countries and lead by INOS Director, Assoc. Prof Dr. Mohd Fadzil Mohd Akhir from Malaysia was appointed as Principal Investigator for this project. During the workshop, the group also took the opportunity to launch their website, which will become the hub for information sharing on upwelling study in the region.

We are a national HICoE (Higher Institution Centre of Excellence) in marine science. We work on holistic and integrated approach in addressing marine and oceanographic issues at both local and regional level via various research teams.

Abstract

While the sinking formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is well understood, how this bottom water "returns home" through upwelling within ocean basins, particularly the Indo-Pacific, remains shrouded in uncertainty. In the 1960s, Munk’s classic "Abyssal Recipes" theory sought to explain these abyssal flows, yet later observations exposed two significant conflicts with real-world data. In 2016, Ferrari, McDougall, and colleagues proposed the "Towards a New Abyssal Recipe" framework, introducing bottom boundary layer (BBL) upwelling to address Munk’s inconsistencies. Drawing on recent evidence of a potential cooling trend in the deep ocean, this talk revisits these debates, offering a fresh interpretation of Munk’s discrepancies and proposing a new mechanism for abyssal upwelling in the Indo-Pacific. It contributes to the ongoing quest to unravel how bottom waters complete their global journey.

Presented by: Prof. Dr. HAN Lei
Affiliation: China-ASEAN College of Marine Science, Xiamen University, Malaysia
Address: Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

 

 

 

 

 

 

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