By Dr. Mohd Uzair Rusli, Sea Turtle Research Unit (SEATRU)
Well immersed in the Malay culture, he may be spotted at times dressed in a Baju Melayu, a traditional shirt worn by Malay men, and a kain pelikat, a long, checkered cloth Malay men wear, wrapped around the waist, in place of a pair of trousers.
But it is easy to tell he is Caucasian, based on his overall appearance, especially his brown hair, white skin, and easily recognizable white man’s facial features.
Nicholas Tolen comes from New York, and he is a postgraduate student at UMT.
When people hear New York, they most often think of the big city, but Nicholas grew up in the suburbs north of New York City, where there are plenty of fields, forests, swamps, and streams to explore. The environment he was raised in played a major part in shaping his interests.
“From a very young age, I had a great curiosity and admiration for nature,” he said. “My parents would take my older brother and me to visit many national parks and seashores across the United States.”
First Journey to Malaysia
Nicholas’s journey to Malaysia began in 2015, when he was hired to help start the Perhentian Turtle Project at Perhentian Island in Terengganu.
“After working for several months at the island, swimming amongst the tropical coral reefs and taking photos of foraging sea turtles, I was captivated by the island’s natural beauty,” he said. “It was my first time travelling to Southeast Asia.”
Nicholas was able to quickly immerse himself in the local culture, getting comfortable with the local residents and eating local food. He developed a liking for the local fruit Durian. He even celebrated Hari Raya, a Muslim festival, although he adheres to a different religion.
When he was working closely with the turtle conservation rangers from the Department of Fisheries at the island, he noticed that their hatchery management efforts were producing predominantly female-biased hatchlings, and that worried him.
So, he decided to investigate the causes. He enrolled as a master’s degree student at UMT, with a clear research project already devised. He would be comparing the incubation temperature and the resulting sex ratio of hatchlings of relocated green turtle nests at the Perhentian Island and naturally laid nests at the Chagar Hutang Turtle Sanctuary, a site managed by the Sea Turtle Research Unit of INOS.
Awarded Master’s Degree
Nicholas carried out his project as a postgraduate student at INOS and completed his Master of Science (Zoology) in June 2021.
He considered himself fortunate to have two supportive parents who understand his dream of studying marine biology abroad. “Malaysia, however, is roughly on the opposite side of the globe from New York, so it’s a long and expensive flight for me to return home,” he said.
The significance of his study towards the conservation of sea turtles is quite big. One of the major contributors to the population decline and local extinction of nesting leatherback turtles in Terengganu is the unattended feminization of hatchlings, said Nicholas.
Although the Malaysian government enacted hatchery management programmes to conserve and protect its dwindling leatherback turtles, they did not understand the effect incubation temperature has on the resulting sex ratio of hatchlings, he said. Over multiple decades of relocating eggs into open beach hatcheries, they produced female-biased hatchlings leading to the collapse of the local nesting population, he added.
His study determined the same trend of feminized hatchling production for green turtles in the region and suggested hatchery management solutions, like adding natural shade materials to help lower incubation temperature inside the Perhentian hatchery and help produce higher proportions of male hatchlings.
When he first started his research, Nicholas was fully aware of the challenges that would come with working on a conservation project such as his, as change would come gradually. To occupy his time between research activities, he built or fixed stuff for his project.
“Seeing a physical change can bring me a lot of personal satisfaction,” he said. “So, I spent time creating new beach chairs, or even changing a broken faucet.”
Staying Put in Malaysia
After completing his master’s degree, Nicholas decided to remain in Malaysia. He admitted that the friendliness of the Malaysian people and the deliciousness of the local food kept him here. He is currently pursuing his doctorate degree, also at UMT.
Nicholas said it does not take him much to be happy. Sometimes it can be as simple as succeeding in his research ambitions or helping his colleagues achieve theirs.
For the time he has stayed in Terengganu, he said he is fortunate to have had many great experiences, and he looks forward to having new ones. The best experience according to him may have been eating a lot of fresh Durians at Sekayu Waterfall with his Terengganu friends.
He thinks international students should be open to new experiences and meeting new people. One of the best ways to do that is to have a meal with new acquaintances and familiar colleagues. That is why he believes the first Malay phrase international students should learn is “Jom kita makan!,” which means “Let’s go eat.”
“It’s a great way to be introduced to new foods you may not be brave enough to try for yourself or make a new lasting friendship with someone you may be too shy to approach alone,” he said.
He has become so accustomed to the way of living and the culture here that he has not thought much about what it is like back home.
“But when it’s cold, wet, and rainy here, I miss the comfort of my American lifestyle,” he said.
It is uncertain if Nicholas will call Terengganu his forever home, but he will be at UMT for a while until he obtains his PhD.
Next time a Caucasian man is spotted wearing Baju Melayu and kain pelikat at a nearby area, the odds are high that he is Nicholas Tolen, a UMT student who has embraced the local culture.
At Sekolah Kebangsaan Pulau Perhentian – marine conservation educational outreach with the youngest generation of Malaysians. (Photo by Shuana Tay)
At the Chagar Hutang research Station – collecting gonad tissue samples for hatchling sex ratio masters research project with SEATRU. (Photo by Bella Reboul)
At kampung Pulau Perhentian – educational outreach booth at local village during World Oceans Day 2015. (Photo by Kevin Heitzman)
At the home of Rashidatul Nisa’s family at Kampung Durian Bador, Kuala Berang, Terengganu – celebrating youngest brother birthday. (Photo by Rashidatul Nisa Mohd Azhar)
Copyright © INOS | Institute of Oceanography and Environment | Universiti Malaysia Terenganu | 2024. All rights reserved.
Abstract
While the sinking formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is well understood, how this bottom water "returns home" through upwelling within ocean basins, particularly the Indo-Pacific, remains shrouded in uncertainty. In the 1960s, Munk’s classic "Abyssal Recipes" theory sought to explain these abyssal flows, yet later observations exposed two significant conflicts with real-world data. In 2016, Ferrari, McDougall, and colleagues proposed the "Towards a New Abyssal Recipe" framework, introducing bottom boundary layer (BBL) upwelling to address Munk’s inconsistencies. Drawing on recent evidence of a potential cooling trend in the deep ocean, this talk revisits these debates, offering a fresh interpretation of Munk’s discrepancies and proposing a new mechanism for abyssal upwelling in the Indo-Pacific. It contributes to the ongoing quest to unravel how bottom waters complete their global journey.
Presented by: Prof. Dr. HAN Lei
Affiliation: China-ASEAN College of Marine Science, Xiamen University, Malaysia
Address: Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
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